A servo mechanism is a system where first a controller gives a unit a target value (e.g. value that represents position or speed), secondly the unit that received the target value detects the current value (e.g. value that represents position or speed), and then these two values are compared to make their difference as small as possible. JIS defines a servo mechanism as "A control system where the position and direction of objects are treated as controlled variables that follow changes in the target."
A servo mechanism consists of three elements, called servo elements, which are drive amplifiers (AC servo amplifiers), drive motors (AC servo motors) and encoders.
Features and functions of AC servo system
One of the features of servo motors is that they provide higher performance than general motors in inertia moment (referred to as J or GD2) of the rotator and electrical response level. This is because servo motors must respond to changes in voltage and current, which are applied by a servo amplifier, more quickly and accurately than general motors. For the same reason, servo amplifiers, which are used to drive servo motors, are designed so that they can give servo motors speed/position commands quickly and accurately.
Focusing on the above, the following explains main characteristics provided by servo motors when used with a servo amplifier. This explanation is made in comparison with a motor that is driven by a general-purpose inverter, which is a commonly used speed variator.
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